unsetunset1. 简介unsetunset
介绍FluentValidation的文章不少,零度编程(站长注:原文已失连)的介绍我引用下:
FluentValidation 是一个基于 .NET 开发的验证框架,开源免费,而且优雅,支持链式操作,易于理解,功能完善,还是可与 MVC5、WebApi2 和 ASP.NET CORE 深度集成,组件内提供十几种常用验证器,可扩展性好,支持自定义验证器,支持本地化多语言。
其实它也可以用于WPF属性验证,本文主要也是讲解该组件在WPF中的使用,FluentValidation官网是: https://fluentvalidation.net/ 。
unsetunset2. 本文需要实现的功能unsetunset
提供WPF界面输入验证,采用MVVM方式,需要以下功能:
- 能验证ViewModel中定义的基本数据类型属性:int\string等;
- 能验证ViewModel中定义的复杂属性,比如1)对象属性的子属性,如VM有个学生属性Student,需要验证他的姓名、年龄等,2)集合属性,动态生成表单验证类;
- 能简单提供两种验证样式;
先看实现效果图:
unsetunset3. 调研中遇到的问题unsetunset
简单属性:验证ViewModel的普通属性比较简单,可以参考FluentValidation官网 ,或者国外holymoo大神的代码: UserValidator.cs 。
复杂属性:我遇到的问题是,怎么验证ViewModel中对象属性的子属性?见第二个功能描述,FluentValidation官网有Complex Properties的例子,但是我试了没效果,贴上官方源码截图:
最后我Google到这篇文章,根据该链接代码,ViewModel和子属性都实现IDataErrorInfo接口,即可实现复杂属性验证,文章中没有具体实现,但灵感是从这来的,就不具体说该链接代码了,有兴趣可以点击链接阅读,下面贴上代码。
unsetunset4. 开发步骤unsetunset
4.1. 创建工程、引入库
创建.NET WPF模板解决方案(.Net Framework模板也行)WpfFluentValidation
,引入Nuget包FluentValidation(属性验证使用)和Prism.Wpf
(简化MVVM和命令使用):
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="FluentValidation" Version="11.9.0" />
<PackageReference Include="Prism.Wpf" Version="9.0.271-pre" />
</ItemGroup>
4.2. 创建测试实体类
4.2.1. 普通类 - Student
此类用作ViewModel中的对象属性使用,学生类包含3个属性:名字、年龄、邮政编码。此实体需要继承IDataErrorInfo接口,用于触发FluentValidation验证使用。
/// <summary>
/// 学生实体
/// 继承BindableBase,即继承属性变化接口INotifyPropertyChanged
/// 实现IDataErrorInfo接口,用于FluentValidation验证,必须实现此接口
/// </summary>
public class Student : BindableBase, IDataErrorInfo
{
private int _age;
private string? _name;
private string? _zip;
private readonly StudentValidator _validator = new();
public string? Name
{
get => _name;
set => SetProperty(ref _name, value);
}
public int Age
{
get => _age;
set => SetProperty(ref _age, value);
}
public string? Zip
{
get => _zip;
set => SetProperty(ref _zip, value);
}
public string this[string columnName]
{
get
{
var validateResult = _validator.Validate(this);
if (validateResult.IsValid)
{
return string.Empty;
}
var firstOrDefault =
validateResult.Errors.FirstOrDefault(error => error.PropertyName == columnName);
return firstOrDefault == null ? string.Empty : firstOrDefault.ErrorMessage;
}
}
public string Error
{
get
{
var validateResult = _validator.Validate(this);
if (validateResult.IsValid)
{
return string.Empty;
}
var errors = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, validateResult.Errors.Select(x => x.ErrorMessage).ToArray());
return errors;
}
}
}
上面关键代码在public string this[string columnName]
:这里进行输入表单项的数据校验,FluentValidation
调用就在这里,校验逻辑封装在StudentValidator
,表单输入时会实时调用该处代码,columnName
表示表单项的列名,就是ViewModel绑定的属性名。
4.2.2. 集合类 - Field
此类用作ViewModel中的集合项使用,模拟动态表单数据校验,简单包含4个属性:字段名称、字段显示名称、数据类型、数据值,表单主要根据数据类型验证输入的数据值是否合法。同样此实体需要继承IDataErrorInfo接口,用于触发FluentValidation验证使用。
/// <summary>
/// 扩展字段,用于生成动态表单
/// 继承BindableBase,即继承属性变化接口INotifyPropertyChanged
/// 实现IDataErrorInfo接口,用于FluentValidation验证,必须实现此接口
/// </summary>
public class Field : BindableBase, IDataErrorInfo
{
private string _value;
private readonly FieldValidator _validator = new();
public Field(DataType type, string typeLabel, string name, string value)
{
Type = type;
TypeLabel = typeLabel;
Name = name;
Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// 数据类型
/// </summary>
public DataType Type { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 数据类型名称
/// </summary>
public string TypeLabel { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 名称
/// </summary>
public string Name { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 值
/// </summary>
public string Value
{
get => _value;
set => SetProperty(ref _value, value);
}
public string this[string columnName]
{
get
{
var validateResult = _validator.Validate(this);
if (validateResult.IsValid)
{
return string.Empty;
}
var firstOrDefault =
validateResult.Errors.FirstOrDefault(error => error.PropertyName == columnName);
return firstOrDefault == null ? string.Empty : firstOrDefault.ErrorMessage;
}
}
public string Error
{
get
{
var validateResult = _validator.Validate(this);
if (validateResult.IsValid)
{
return string.Empty;
}
var errors = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, validateResult.Errors.Select(x => x.ErrorMessage).ToArray());
return errors;
}
}
}
public enum DataType
{
Text,
Number,
Date
}
看上面代码,public string this[string columnName]
代码处写法和Student
类一样,只是_validator
变量类型不同,前者为StudentValidator
,这里是FieldValidator
,下面我们看看这两个类怎么写。
4.3. 创建验证器
验证属性的写法有两种:
- 可以在实体属性上方添加特性(本文不作特别说明,百度文章介绍很多);
- 通过代码的形式添加,如下方,创建一个验证器类,继承自AbstractValidator,在此验证器构造函数中写规则验证属性,方便管理。
本文使用第二种,通过创建StudentValidator
和FieldValidator
两个验证器类介绍。
4.3.1. StudentValidator
这是学生验证器StudentValidator
,需要继承AbstractValidator
,泛型指定前面需要验证的实体类Student
:
public class StudentValidator : AbstractValidator<Student>
{
public StudentValidator()
{
RuleFor(vm => vm.Name)
.NotEmpty()
.WithMessage("请输入学生姓名!")
.Length(5, 30)
.WithMessage("学生姓名长度限制在5到30个字符之间!");
RuleFor(vm => vm.Age)
.GreaterThanOrEqualTo(0)
.WithMessage("学生年龄为整数!")
.ExclusiveBetween(10, 150)
.WithMessage("请正确输入学生年龄(10-150)");
RuleFor(vm => vm.Zip)
.NotEmpty()
.WithMessage("邮政编码不能为空!")
.Must(BeAValidZip)
.WithMessage("邮政编码由六位数字组成。");
}
private static bool BeAValidZip(string zip)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(zip))
{
var regex = new Regex(@"\d{6}");
return regex.IsMatch(zip);
}
return false;
}
}
代码简单,使用到数字的大小和范围验证(见Age)、字符串不能为空和长度限制(见Name)、字符串正则表达式验证(见Zip)。
4.3.2. FieldValidator
动态表单数据值校验器,同理需要继承AbstractValidator
,泛型指定前面需要验证的实体类Field
::
public class FieldValidator : AbstractValidator<Field>
{
public FieldValidator()
{
RuleFor(field => field.Value)
.Must((field, value) => (field.Type == DataType.Text && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(field.Value))
|| (field.Type == DataType.Number && double.TryParse(field.Value, out var _))
|| (field.Type == DataType.Date && DateTime.TryParse(field.Value, out var _)))
.WithMessage("1.文本不能为空;2.数字类型请填写数字;3.日志类型请填写日期类型");
}
}
这里写的简单了点:
- 文本数据类型,值不能为空;
- 数字数据类型,必须是
double
类型; - 日期类型,必须能使用
DateTime
转换;
本文只做简单演示,可按实际情况修改。
4.3.3. StudentViewModelValidator
这个验证器用于验证ViewModel(后面会写):
public class StudentViewModelValidator : AbstractValidator<StudentViewModel>
{
public StudentViewModelValidator()
{
RuleFor(vm => vm.Title)
.NotEmpty()
.WithMessage("标题长度不能为空!")
.Length(5, 30)
.WithMessage("标题长度限制在5到30个字符之间!");
RuleFor(vm => vm.CurrentStudent).SetValidator(new StudentValidator());
RuleForEach(vm => vm.Fields).SetValidator(new FieldValidator());
}
}
Title
用于关联验证基本数据类型(string类型);CurrentStudent
用于验证对象属性(Student类的实例),设置验证该属性时使用StudentValidator
验证器;Fields
用于验证集合属性(ObservableCollection<Field>
),设置验证该属性子项时使用FieldValidator
验证器,注意前面使用的RuleForEach
表示关联集合中的项验证器。
4.4. ViewModel - StudentViewModel
StudentViewModel
与Student
实体类结构类似,都需要实现IDataErrorInfo
接口,该类由一个简单的string
属性(Title
)和一个复杂的Student
对象属性(CurrentStudent
)、集合属性ObservableCollection<Field> Fields
组成,代码如下:
/// <summary>
/// 视图ViewModel
/// 继承BindableBase,即继承属性变化接口INotifyPropertyChanged
/// 实现IDataErrorInfo接口,用于FluentValidation验证,必须实现此接口
/// </summary>
public class StudentViewModel : BindableBase, IDataErrorInfo
{
private Student _currentStudent;
private string _title;
private readonly StudentViewModelValidator _validator;
public string Title
{
get => _title;
set => SetProperty(ref _title, value);
}
public Student CurrentStudent
{
get => _currentStudent;
set => SetProperty(ref _currentStudent, value);
}
public ObservableCollection<Field> Fields { get; } = new();
private DelegateCommand _saveCommand;
public DelegateCommand SaveCommand => _saveCommand ??= new DelegateCommand(HandleSaveCommand,
HandleCanExecuteSaveCommand);
private DelegateCommand _cancelCommand;
public DelegateCommand CancelCommand =>
_cancelCommand ??= new DelegateCommand(HandleCancelCommand, () => true);
public StudentViewModel()
{
_validator = new StudentViewModelValidator();
CurrentStudent = new Student
{
Name = "李刚的儿",
Age = 23
};
Fields.Add(new Field(DataType.Text, "文本,比如:四川省成都市场", "地址", ""));
Fields.Add(new Field(DataType.Number, "数字,比如:12", "工龄", ""));
Fields.Add(new Field(DataType.Date, "时间,比如:2023-09-26 05:13:23", "培训时间", ""));
PropertyChanged += Validate;
CurrentStudent.PropertyChanged += Validate;
foreach (var field in Fields)
{
field.PropertyChanged += Validate;
}
}
~StudentViewModel()
{
PropertyChanged -= Validate;
CurrentStudent.PropertyChanged -= Validate;
foreach (var field in Fields)
{
field.PropertyChanged -= Validate;
}
}
private void Validate(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
_isCanExecuteSaveCommand = _validator.Validate(this).IsValid;
SaveCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
private void HandleSaveCommand()
{
var validateResult = _validator.Validate(this);
if (validateResult.IsValid)
{
MessageBox.Show("看到我说明验证成功!");
}
else
{
var errorMsg = string.Join(Environment.NewLine,
validateResult.Errors.Select(x => x.ErrorMessage).ToArray());
MessageBox.Show($"慌啥子嘛,你再检查下输入噻:\r\n{errorMsg}");
}
}
private bool _isCanExecuteSaveCommand;
private bool HandleCanExecuteSaveCommand()
{
return _isCanExecuteSaveCommand;
}
private void HandleCancelCommand()
{
MessageBox.Show("我啥都不做,退休了");
}
public string this[string columnName]
{
get
{
var validateResult = _validator.Validate(this);
if (validateResult.IsValid)
{
return string.Empty;
}
var firstOrDefault =
validateResult.Errors.FirstOrDefault(error => error.PropertyName == columnName);
return firstOrDefault == null ? string.Empty : firstOrDefault.ErrorMessage;
}
}
public string Error
{
get
{
var validateResult = _validator.Validate(this);
if (validateResult.IsValid)
{
return string.Empty;
}
var errors = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, validateResult.Errors.Select(x => x.ErrorMessage).ToArray());
return errors;
}
}
}
ViewModel
属性验证和Student
及Field
类似,这里我加上了保存(SaveCommand
)和取消(CancelCommand
)两个命令,其中保存命令需要所有属性验证通过才可用,通过注册属性的变化事件PropertyChanged
,在变化事件处理程序中验证:
PropertyChanged += Validate;
CurrentStudent.PropertyChanged += Validate;
foreach (var field in Fields)
{
field.PropertyChanged += Validate;
}
private void Validate(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
_isCanExecuteSaveCommand = _validator.Validate(this).IsValid;
SaveCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
4.5. 视图StudentView
用户直接接触的视图文件来了,比较简单,提供简单属性标题(Title)、复杂属性(包括学生姓名(CurrentStudent.Name)、学生年龄( CurrentStudent .Age)、学生邮政编码( CurrentStudent .Zip))验证、集合属性验证,xaml代码如下:
<UserControl
x:Class="WpfFluentValidation.Views.StudentView"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:models="clr-namespace:WpfFluentValidation.Models"
xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:WpfFluentValidation.ViewModels"
mc:Ignorable="d" Padding="10">
<UserControl.DataContext>
<vm:StudentViewModel />
</UserControl.DataContext>
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="*" />
<RowDefinition Height="50" />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Hidden" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
<RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
<RowDefinition Height="*" />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<GroupBox Header="ViewModel直接属性验证">
<StackPanel>
<Label Content="标题:" />
<TextBox Style="{StaticResource Styles.TextBox.ErrorStyle1}"
Text="{Binding Title, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, ValidatesOnDataErrors=True}" />
</StackPanel>
</GroupBox>
<GroupBox Grid.Row="1" Header="ViewModel对象属性CurrentStudent的属性验证">
<StackPanel>
<StackPanel>
<Label Content="姓名:" />
<TextBox Style="{StaticResource Styles.TextBox.ErrorStyle2}"
Text="{Binding CurrentStudent.Name, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, ValidatesOnDataErrors=True}" />
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel>
<Label Content="年龄:" />
<TextBox Style="{StaticResource Styles.TextBox.ErrorStyle2}"
Text="{Binding CurrentStudent.Age, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, ValidatesOnDataErrors=True}" />
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel>
<Label Content="邮编:" />
<TextBox Style="{StaticResource Styles.TextBox.ErrorStyle2}"
Text="{Binding CurrentStudent.Zip, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, ValidatesOnDataErrors=True}" />
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</GroupBox>
<GroupBox Grid.Row="2" Header="ViewModel集合属性Fields的属性验证">
<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Fields}">
<ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type models:Field}">
<Border Padding="10">
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
<RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<TextBlock Margin="0,0,0,5">
<Run Text="{Binding Name}" />
<Run Text="(" />
<Run Text="{Binding TypeLabel}" />
<Run Text=")" />
</TextBlock>
<TextBox Grid.Row="1" Style="{StaticResource Styles.TextBox.ErrorStyle2}"
Text="{Binding Value, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, ValidatesOnDataErrors=True}" />
</Grid>
</Border>
</DataTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>
</GroupBox>
</Grid>
</ScrollViewer>
<StackPanel Grid.Row="1" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Orientation="Horizontal">
<Button Content="取消" Command="{Binding CancelCommand}" Style="{StaticResource Styles.Button.Common}"
Margin="0 3 40 3" />
<Button Content="提交" Command="{Binding SaveCommand}" Style="{StaticResource Styles.Button.Blue}"
Margin="0 3 10 3" />
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</UserControl>
- 错误提示样式
本文提供了两种样式,具体效果见前面的截图,代码如下:
<Application
x:Class="WpfFluentValidation.App"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml">
<Application.Resources>
<Style TargetType="StackPanel">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,5" />
</Style>
<!-- 第一种错误样式,红色边框 -->
<Style x:Key="Styles.TextBox.ErrorStyle1" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
<Setter Property="Width" Value="250" />
<Setter Property="Height" Value="25" />
<Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left" />
<Setter Property="Validation.ErrorTemplate">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate>
<DockPanel>
<Grid
Width="16"
Height="16"
Margin="3,0,0,0"
VerticalAlignment="Center"
DockPanel.Dock="Right">
<Ellipse
Width="16"
Height="16"
Fill="Red" />
<Ellipse
Width="3"
Height="8"
Margin="0,2,0,0"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
VerticalAlignment="Top"
Fill="White" />
<Ellipse
Width="2"
Height="2"
Margin="0,0,0,2"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
Fill="White" />
</Grid>
<Border
BorderBrush="Red"
BorderThickness="2"
CornerRadius="2">
<AdornedElementPlaceholder />
</Border>
</DockPanel>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Style.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true">
<Setter Property="ToolTip"
Value="{Binding RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.Self}, Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}" />
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
<!-- 第二种错误样式,右键文字提示 -->
<Style x:Key="Styles.TextBox.ErrorStyle2" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
<Setter Property="Width" Value="250" />
<Setter Property="Height" Value="25" />
<Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center" />
<Setter Property="Padding" Value="5,0" />
<Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left" />
<Setter Property="Validation.ErrorTemplate">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<AdornedElementPlaceholder x:Name="textBox" />
<Grid>
<TextBlock Margin="10 0 0 0" Width="130"
Foreground="Red" TextWrapping="Wrap"
Text="{Binding [0].ErrorContent}" />
</Grid>
</StackPanel>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Style.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true">
<Setter Property="ToolTip"
Value="{Binding RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.Self}, Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="LightPink" />
<Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Red" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White" />
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
<Style TargetType="GroupBox">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="5" />
<Setter Property="Padding" Value="2" />
<Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FF0078D7" />
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="2" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="#FFF0F0F0" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#FF0078D7" />
<Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold" />
</Style>
<Style x:Key="Styles.Button.Common" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
<Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="75" />
<Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="25" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="White" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black" />
</Style>
<Style
x:Key="Styles.Button.Blue"
BasedOn="{StaticResource ResourceKey=Styles.Button.Common}"
TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Green" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White" />
</Style>
</Application.Resources>
</Application>
unsetunset5. 介绍完毕unsetunset
代码贴完,我们看看效果:
unsetunset6. 源码同步unsetunset
本文代码已同步:
- gitee: https://gitee.com/dotnet9/FluentValidationForWpf
- github: https://github.com/dotnet9/FluentValidationForWPF